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Shortly after independence, Tanganyika
and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964.
One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic
elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's
semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to
two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party
won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
Location:
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and
Mozambique
Population:
37,445,392 note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in
lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates,
lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution
of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
(July 2006 est.)
Infant
mortality rate:
total: 96.48 deaths/1,000
live births
male: 105.64 deaths/1,000
live births
female: 87.05
deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS
- people living with HIV/AIDS:
1.6 million (2003 est.)
Major
infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis
A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, Rift Valley
fever and plague are high risks in some locations water contact
disease: schistosomiasis (2005)
Life
expectancy at birth:
total population: 45.64 years
male: 44.93 years
female: 46.37 years (2006 est.)
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